Izimfanelo Zomkhiqizo

Abaholi bangaphambili kakhulu ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zemakethe ye-analog chip

Phakathi kwama-IC analog, ukuphathwa kwamandla kuyimakethe enkulu kunazo zonke elinganiselwa ku-US$21.6 billion noma u-42%;imakethe ye-signal chain ingama-US$14.3 billion (28%) kanti i-RF kanye neminye imakethe yemikhiqizo ilinganiselwa ku-US$15.8 billion, noma ama-30%.Engxenyeni ye-amplifier, i-Texas Instruments iphethe cishe ingxenye yesithathu yemakethe (29%), ne-ADENO yesibili (18%).Esigabeni sokuguqula idatha, i-ADENO ingumholi ophelele, okwamanje ephethe ingxenye yemakethe yokuguqula idatha (48%) futhi inomholi wesikhathi eside phezu kwezimbangi zayo.Ekuphathweni kwamandla, umholi, i-Texas Instruments, iphethe ngaphezu kwekota yemakethe (21%), i-Qualcomm (15%), i-ADENO (13%), i-Maxim (12%), ne-Infineon (10%) ine- ukwabelana okufanayo.

Namuhla, imakethe engezansi yomfula yamaketanga esignali inesabelo esincane sabathengi se-electronics.ngo-2015, umfula ophansi wama-op-amp chips ikakhulukazi wawumayelana nezokuxhumana (36%) nezimboni (33%), kanti umthengi we-electronics wabalelwa ku-8% kuphela.Imakethe esezingeni eliphansi yabaguquli bedatha ngokufanayo ibalwe ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-50 okuthengiswa embonini, kuyilapho ama-electronics abathengi abalelwa ku-12% kuphela.

Imboni yezogesi, ngokubona kwethu, ibilokhu iwukukhula kobuchwepheshe obuqhutshwa yisidingo.Isidingo esiyinhloko samaketanga esignali ukusebenzisana, ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuthuthukiswa kwama-analog chips kuma-60s kanye nama-70s, amaketanga esignali asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezansi nomfula, imishini yezimboni exhunywe kumakhompyutha kanye nezinhlelo zezindiza zezindiza, ukudlala lo msebenzi. wemishini yezimboni, okokusebenza kwendiza kanye nokuxhumana nomhlaba wangaphandle.Isibonelo, izindiza zinenani elikhulu lezinzwa ezisiza ekundizeni, okudingeka zicutshungulwe ngemikhiqizo yochungechunge lwezimpawu ngaphambi kokuba zithunyelwe ohlelweni lwedijithali.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe ingase inciphise usayizi nezindleko.Ngenxa yalokho, isidingo samaketanga esignali embonini ngawo-1960 kanye nawo-1970 kwaqhubeza ukukhula kwama-analog giants asekuqaleni afana ne-ADI ne-Texas Instruments.Ngawo-1980-2000s, isidingo sokusebenzisana ku-elekthronikhi yabathengi sasuka emandleni saya emandleni, ngokufanayo siqhuba ukukhula kochungechunge lwezimpawu ezansi nomfula kuma-electronics abathengi.

Imakethe ye-elekthronikhi yabathengi ibonakala ngokushintsha komkhiqizo ngokushesha kanye nokubeka phambili izindleko, ngakho-ke uma kuqhathaniswa nokunemba okuphezulu okufunwa yimakethe yezimboni kanye nesivinini esikhulu esifunwa yimakethe yezokuxhumana, isidingo emakethe ye-elekthronikhi yabathengi ingeyezindleko eziphansi kanye nemijikelezo yokuklama emifushane. , kanye nemikhiqizo yochungechunge lwesignali edidiyelwe ifaneleka kangcono ukuhlangabezana nesidingo kunaleyo ehlukene.

Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, isidingo sama-electronics abathengi ekusebenzelaneni sibe nendima elinganiselwe ekuqhubekeni nokuthuthukisa ubunkimbinkimbi bochungechunge lwesignali.Okungukuthi, 1) ngokombono wokusebenza, ama-microcontrollers ahlanganisiwe wokuguqula idatha akwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza zama-electronics amaningi omthengi.2) ngokombono wezindleko, ngenxa yokwanda kokusebenza komakhalekhukhwini, ukuhlanganiswa okukhulayo kunganciphisa kangcono ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.3) kusukela kumjikelezo wokuklama, iziguquli zedatha ezihlukene, nakuba ukusebenza okuphezulu, kodwa inkimbinkimbi yezidingo zedizayini yesistimu inkulu, abakhiqizi bezinto zikagesi ezithengwa abathengi badinga ukucabangela uhla lwesivinini, ukulungiswa, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, nezinye izinkinga, uma bonke zisebenzisa isignali ecacile. chain chip, kuzoba nzima ukuzivumelanisa nesidingo semakethe esishintsha ngokushesha.

Ngenxa yalokho, kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, imikhiqizo eminingi ye-signal chain yama-electronics abathengi ihlanganiswe kuma-microcontrollers/SoCs, okuholele ekukhuleni okuyisicaba kule makethe engezansi yomthengi kagesi.

Izinguquko ekuxubeni komkhiqizo: ukuphathwa kwamandla okuhlomulayo ekukhuleni kwama-electronics abathengi kanye nezimboni

Kusukela ngawo-1990, isabelo semikhiqizo ye-signal chain siye sehla kancane kancane.ngo-1981, ama-amplifiers asebenzayo abalelwa ku-19% wemakethe ye-analog chip, kuyilapho ngo-2018 lesi sibalo sehliswa safinyelela ku-6% futhi imakethe ikhule isuka ku-$200 million yaya ku-$3.5 billion.Iziguquli zeDigital-to-analog ngokufanayo, kusukela ngo-1981 kuya ku-2018, isabelo seziguquli zedijithali-kuya-analog kuma-chips e-analog sehle sisuka ku-19% saya ku-6%, futhi usayizi wemakethe ukhule usuka ku-US$300 million wafinyelela ku-US$3.9 billion.

Ama-chips okuphatha amandla, ngakolunye uhlangothi, akhule ngokushesha kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1990, akhula aba umkhakha omkhulu wemboni ye-analog chip.ngo-1981, imakethe yama-chips okuphatha amandla yayingamaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-100 nje kuphela, futhi namuhla, isikhule yaba imboni yamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-25.Isabelo sama-chips okuphatha amandla emakethe ye-analog chip sikhule ngokushesha sisuka ku-8% ngo-1981 kanye no-9% ngo-1995 saya ku-43% namuhla (2018).

Sikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuqhutshwa ukufunwa okusha okuqhubekayo kokuphathwa kwamandla emkhakheni wabathengi.Ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla aphansi, ubuningi obuncane, kanye namadivayisi aphathwayo kuye kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kwamandla okusebenza kahle kanye nezidingo.

Isidingo sokonga amandla aphansi ku-elekthronikhi yabathengi siqhuba ukukhula komkhakha we-chip wokuphatha amandla.Ngokungezwa kwezici ezintsha ku-elekthronikhi yabathengi, umsindo, ividiyo, njll., ama-electronics abathengi ayaqhubeka nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi kuyanda usuku ngalunye oludlulayo, kodwa inani lama-voltage adinga ukusekelwa nalo liya liba likhulu, ngokufanelekile lidinga ama-chips okuphatha amandla angakhuphula ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla, futhi andise isikhathi sokulinda ngenkathi sithuthukisa ukuhlanganisa ukusekela ama-voltage amaningi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ukuthuthukiswa kokuqina kwamandla amabhethri e-lithium kuye kwehla, ngakho-ke ukuphela kwendlela yokufuna ukuphumelela kuvela ku-chip yokuphatha amandla.Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwama-electronics abathengi kuyaqhubeka nokushayela abakhiqizi be-analog chip ukwethula ama-chips okuphatha amandla anemisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, kanye nevolumu ephansi, okugqugquzela ukukhula kwemboni ye-chip yokuphatha amandla iyonke.

Isidingo sokonga ugesi emishinini emikhulu edla ugesi emkhakheni wezimboni siqhubekisele phambili ukukhula kwemboni yamachip okulawulwa kwamandla.Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla emkhakheni wezimboni ikakhulukazi kuvela kumamotho nokukhanyisa.Ama-Motor ikakhulukazi amaphampu, amafeni, ama-compressor, imishini yokudlulisa, njll. Amandla asetshenziswa amamotho athatha cishe u-80% wamandla asetshenziswa ezimbonini.Ngakho-ke, isidingo sokonga amandla emkhakheni wezimboni sigqugquzele ama-chips okuphatha amandla ukuthi athuthuke ngokuqhubekayo ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa.Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwamamotho anesivinini esiguquguqukayo kungonga kufikela ku-40% wokusetshenziswa kwamandla, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okushintsha kahle kakhulu kungonga kufika ku-35%, konke kusekelwa ama-chips okuphatha amandla athuthuke kakhulu.

Ngokuzayo, izimfuno ezintsha zizoqhubeka ziqhubekisela phambili ukuthuthukiswa kokuphathwa kwamandla, kusukela ekulawuleni okunengqondo kokuqala kokukhanyiswa kwe-LED kuya ezidingweni eziqondene nawe zokufiphalisa kwanamuhla nokushintsha kombala, okubeke phambili izidingo zokulawula eziyinkimbinkimbi nezihlakaniphe kakhulu zama-chips amandla.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinto zokusebenza ukuze zivumelane nenkambiso yokuphatheka, ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi kusuka ku-adaptha yamandla kuya emandleni ebhethri, okuletha isidingo se-chip yezinhlelo eziningi ezisebenza ngebhethri.

Ukushintsha amamodeli ebhizinisi: ukukhuphuka kwama-chips asekelwe kuhlelo lokusebenza kunciphisa ukubaluleka kwezindwangu ezakhelwe wena

Isakhiwo sama-analog chips ajwayelekile nasekelwe kuhlelo lokusebenza siyaphikiswa ngokuya ngevolumu yokuthunyelwa kanye nosayizi wemakethe.Ngokuya ngevolumu yokuthunyelwa, isabelo sama-analog chips ajwayelekile (64%) siphezulu kakhulu kunesama-analog chips ohlelo lokusebenza olukhethekile (36%), kepha ngokuya ngosayizi wemakethe, ama-analog chips ohlelo lokusebenza olukhethekile (62%) aphezulu kunama-analog chips ajwayelekile (38%).Yabelana.

Sikholelwa ukuthi ama-analog chips asekelwe kuhlelo lokusebenza abhekana nesidingo esenziwe ngokwezifiso esinevelu ephezulu eyengeziwe.Inqubo kanye nomklamo wezakhiwo izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kumadivayisi we-analog.Ama-analog chips ajwayelekile enziwa jikelele, ngemiklamo ehluka kancane kumkhiqizi kuya kumkhiqizi, okuholela enani eliphansi elingeziwe.Ukuncintisana phakathi kwabakhiqizi kuncike kakhulu enqubweni nakubuchwepheshe futhi kudinga izindwangu zokuzakhela eziningi.

Ama-analog chips ajwayelekile abhekene nesidingo sokwenziwa kwenani eliphansi kanye nevolumu ephansi ngakho-ke agxile kakhulu enqubweni.Izindleko eziphansi zifinyelelwa ngokuyinhloko ngokunciphisa inqubo ye-chip ukuze kuncishiswe ububanzi bomugqa, ngaleyo ndlela kuvumela osayizi abancane nezindleko eziphansi ngokusebenza okufanayo.Ezinsukwini zakuqala, isidingo esikhulu samashiphu e-analog kwakungama-chips ajwayelekile enhloso evamile, isibonelo, i-ADI yaqongelela izinzuzo zenqubo ebalulekile ngokutshalwa kwezimali okusheshayo ekwakheni izitshalo ngeminyaka yama-80s kanye nama-90s.

Ama-analog chips agxile kuhlelo lokusebenza aye abhekana nezidingo ezihlukahluka kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho ayethambekele ekuklanyweni kakhulu futhi enevelu eyengeziwe eyengeziwe.Eminyakeni eyalandela, njengoba ubunkimbinkimbi bezinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi bukhula, ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso okukhethekile kohlobo oluthile lwengxenye kwaba okubaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezimboni lapho amakhasimende amaningi ayenezidingo ezingqubuzanayo mayelana nesivinini, ukunemba, ukuhlanganiswa, izindleko, nosayizi, odinga. abakhiqizi bamakhiphu e-analog ukuze benze ukuhwebelana ukuze bathole konke okuhle, obekudinga abasebenzi abanolwazi lwe-R&D ukuthi baklame.Ukwakha izindwangu zabo ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinqubo akuzange kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ngenxa yalokho, ngemva kuka-2000, ukusetshenziswa kwemali enkulu ye-ADI njengephesenti lokuhamba kwemali okusebenzayo kwehliswa kakhulu futhi ama-chips amaningi atholakala kusetshenziswa izisekelo ze-TSMC.

Ngokuzayo, ama-analog chips asekelwe kuhlelo lokusebenza azothuthukisa abathengisi be-fabless.Ukuvela kwezisekelo ezifana ne-TSMC kanye ne-SMIC kwenze izinkampani zama-chip zikwazi ukugwema umthwalo omkhulu wokwakha izindwangu futhi zigxile ezinhlelweni ze-chip ngokwazo, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwezindwangu ezimbalwa ezinhle kakhulu ze-fabless (Fabless).Ukukhiqizwa kwedizayini ye-IC ye-Mainland China ikhule isuka ku-US$5.66 billion ngo-2010 yaya ku-US$24.75 billion ngo-2016, okuyizinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe ngonyaka elingama-28%, futhi isibalo sezinkampani ezingasebenzi sikhuphuke sisuka ku-569 ngo-2012 saya ku-1,362 ngo-2016. isidingo sokukhuphuka kwama-chips asekelwe kuhlelo lokusebenza ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, izinkampani ezingenangqondo ezinamakhono amahle kakhulu wokuklama kanye nentuthuko kulindeleke ukuthi zigqame.