Ukunikezwa okushisayo kwe-Ic chip (I-Electronic Components IC Semiconductor chip ) XAZU3EG-1SFVC784I

Izimfanelo Zomkhiqizo

Bika Iphutha Lolwazi Lomkhiqizo

Buka Okufanayo

Amadokhumenti Nemidiya

Izigaba Zemvelo Nokuthekelisa

uhlelo-ku-chip(I-SoC)

Auhlelo ku-chipnomauhlelo-ku-chip(I-SoC) yinisifunda esihlanganisiweehlanganisa iningi noma zonke izingxenye zekhompuyutha noma ezinyeuhlelo lwe-elekthronikhi.Lezi zingxenye cishe njalo zihlanganisa aiyunithi yokucubungula ephakathi(i-CPU),inkumbulointerfaces, on-chipokokufaka/okuphumayoimishini,okokufaka/okuphumayointerfaces, futhiisitoreji sesibiliinterfaces, ngokuvamile eduze nezinye izingxenye ezifanaamamodemu omsakazokanye aiyunithi yokucubungula ihluzo(GPU) - konke kukodwai-substratenoma i-microchip.^[1]Ingase iquketheidijithali,i-analog,isignali exubile, futhi kaningiimvamisa yomsakazo ukucubungula isignaliimisebenzi (ngaphandle kwalokho ibhekwa njengeprosesa yohlelo lokusebenza kuphela).

Ama-SoC asebenza kahle kakhulu avame ukubhangqwa nenkumbulo ezinikezele futhi ehlukene ngokomzimba kanye nesitoreji sesibili (njengeI-LPDDRfuthieUFSnomaeMMC, ngokulandelanayo) ama-chips, angase abekwe phezulu kwe-SoC kulokho okwaziwa ngokuthi aiphakethe kuphakheji(PoP) ukucushwa, noma ibekwe eduze ne-SoC.Ngokwengeziwe, ama-SoCs angasebenzisa okungenantambo okuhlukileamamodemu.^[2]

Ama-SoC ahlukile kwendabuko evamileibhodi lomama-sekelwePC izakhiwo, ehlukanisa izingxenye ngokusekelwe emsebenzini futhi izixhuma ngebhodi lesifunda eliphakathi nendawo.^{[nb 1]}Nakuba ibhodi lomama lihlala futhi lixhuma izingxenye ezikhiphekayo noma ezithathelwanayo, ama-SoCs ahlanganisa zonke lezi zingxenye kusekethe eyodwa ehlanganisiwe.I-SoC ngokuvamile izohlanganisa i-CPU, ihluzo nezindawo zokukhumbula inkumbulo,^{[nb 2]}isitoreji sesibili kanye nokuxhumeka kwe-USB,^{[nb 3]} ukufinyelela okungahleliwefuthiFunda kuphela izinkumbulokanye nesitoreji sesibili kanye/noma izilawuli zazo kusekethe eyodwa ziyafa, kuyilapho ibhodi lomama lizoxhuma la mamojula njengeizingxenye ezihlukenenomaamakhadi okunweba.

I-SoC ihlanganisa ai-microcontroller,microprocessornoma mhlawumbe ama-processor cores amaningana anama-peripherals afana ne-aI-GPU,I-Wi-Fifuthiinethiwekhi yeselulaamamodemu omsakazo, kanye/noma eyodwa noma ngaphezuluama-coprocessors.Ngokufana nendlela i-microcontroller ehlanganisa ngayo i-microprocessor namasekethe aseduze nememori, i-SoC ingabonwa njengokuhlanganisa i-microcontroller enezinga eliphakeme nakakhulu.ama-peripherals.Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe kokuhlanganisa izingxenye zesistimu, bhekaukuhlanganiswa kwesistimu.

Imiklamo yesistimu yekhompyutha ehlanganiswe ngokuqinile iyathuthukaukusebenzafuthi unciphiseukusetshenziswa kwamandlakanye neukufa kwe-semiconductorindawo kunemiklamo ye-multi-chip enokusebenza okufanayo.Lokhu kuza ngezindleko zokwehliswaukushintshwayezingxenye.Ngokuchazwa, imiklamo ye-SoC ihlanganiswe ngokuphelele noma icishe ihlanganiswe ngokuphelele engxenyeni ehlukeneamamojula.Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, kube nokuthambekela okujwayelekile ekuhlanganisweni okuqinile kwezingxenye kuimboni yezingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yethonya lama-SoCs nezifundo ezitholwe ezimakethe zamakhompuyutha eziphathwayo nezishumekiwe.Ama-SoCs angabukwa njengengxenye yethrendi enkulu ebhekeikhompuyutha eshumekiwefuthiukusheshisa hardware.

Ama-SoC ajwayelekile kakhulu ku-ikhompuyutha ephathekayo(njengakuama-smartphonefuthiamakhompyutha tablet) kanyeikhompuyutha enqenqemeniizimakethe.^[3][4]Zibuye zisetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile kuamasistimu ashumekiwenjengamarutha e-WiFi kanye neI-inthanethi yezinto.

Izinhlobo

Ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezihlukanisekayo zama-SoCs:

• Ama-SoC akhiwe azungeze ai-microcontroller,
• Ama-SoC akhiwe azungeze amicroprocessor, evame ukutholakala komakhalekhukhwini;
• OkukhethekileIsifunda esihlanganisiwe esiqondene nohlelo lokusebenzaAma-SoC aklanyelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile ezingangeni ezigabeni ezimbili ezingenhla.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza[hlela]

Ama-SoC angasetshenziswa kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi wekhompyutha.Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile asetshenziswa kukhompyutha ephathekayo njengamaphilisi, ama-smartphones, ama-smartwatches nama-netbooks kanyeamasistimu ashumekiwenasezicelweni lapho ngaphambiliniama-microcontrollerizosetshenziswa.

Amasistimu ashumekiwe[hlela]

Lapho ngaphambili kwakungasetshenziswa ama-microcontroller kuphela, ama-SoC akhuphuka avelela emakethe yezinhlelo ezishumekiwe.Ukuhlanganiswa kwesistimu okuqinile kunikeza ukwethembeka okungcono futhikusho isikhathi phakathi kokwehluleka, kanye nama-SoC anikeza ukusebenza okuthuthuke kakhulu namandla ekhompyutha kunama-microcontroller.^[5]Izicelo zihlanganisaUkusheshisa kwe-AI, kushumekiweumbono womshini,^[6] ukuqoqwa kwedatha,i-telemetry,i-vector processingfuthiubuhlakani be-ambient.Ama-SoC ashumekiwe ngokuvamile aqondisa iinternet yezinto,i-inthanethi yezimboni yezintofuthiikhompuyutha enqenqemeniizimakethe.

Ikhompyutha yeselula[hlela]

Ikhompyutha yeselulaAma-SoC asekelwe ahlala ehlanganisa amaphrosesa, izinkumbulo, ku-chipizinqolobane,inethiwekhi engenantamboamakhono futhi ngokuvamileikhamera yedijithalii-hardware ne-firmware.Ngosayizi wememori okhulayo, ama-SoC aphezulu avame ukungabi nenkumbulo nesitoreji se-flash futhi esikhundleni salokho, inkumbulo kanyeinkumbulo flashizobekwa eduze, noma ngaphezulu (iphakethe kuphakheji), i-SoC.^[7]Ezinye izibonelo zama-SoCs ekhompuyutha yeselula zifaka:

• I-Samsung Electronics:uhlu, ngokuvamile kusekelweI-ARM
  • Ama-Exynos, esetshenziswa kakhulu ngabakwaSamsungI-Galaxyuchungechunge lwama-smartphone
• I-Qualcomm:
  • I-Snapdragon(uhlu), esetshenziswa eziningiLG,Xiaomi,I-Google Pixel,I-HTCkanye nama-smartphones e-Samsung Galaxy.Ngo-2018, i-Snapdragon SoCs isetshenziswa njengomgogodla weamakhompyutha aphathekayoegijimaWindows 10, imakethwe “Ngama-PC Axhunywe Njalo”.^[8][9]