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Izimfanelo Zomkhiqizo

Ukushintsha kwe-analogue 

Ii-analogue(nomaPETR)shintsha, ebizwa nangokuthi iukushintsha kwamazwe amabili,iyielectronicingxenye eziphatha ngendlela efanayo ne-aukudluliselwa, kodwa akekhoizingxenye ezihambayo.Isici sokushintsha ngokuvamile siyipheyaI-MOSFET ama-transistors, eyodwa idivayisi ye-N-channel, enye idivayisi ye-P-channel.Idivayisi ingaphatha amasiginali e-analog noma edijithali kunoma iyiphi indlela lapho ivuliwe futhi ihlukanise amatheminali ashintshiwe lapho icishiwe.Ukushintsha kwe-analogue kuvame ukwenziwa njengeizifunda ezihlanganisiweemaphaketheni aqukethe amaswishi amaningi (imvamisa amabili, amane noma ayisishiyagalombili).Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-4016 kanye ne-4066 evela ku-4000 uchungechunge.

Okokufaka kokulawula ocingweni kungase kube isignali eshintshayo phakathi kwevolthiyutha yokuphakela kahle nenegethivu, amandla kagesi avumayo avula idivayisi kanye nokucisha idivayisi.Amanye amasekhethi adizayinelwe ukuxhumana ngembobo ye-serial nesilawuli sokusingatha ukuze kusethwe amaswishi avuliwe noma avaliwe.

Isignali eshintshwayo kufanele ihlale ngaphakathi kwemingcele yomzila wokuphakela ophozithivu noma omubi oxhunywe kumatheminali omzimba we-P-MOS kanye ne-N-MOS.Iswishi ngokuvamile inikeza ukuhlukaniswa okuhle phakathi kwesiginali yokulawula kanye namasignali okokufaka/okukhiphayo.Azisetshenziselwa ukushintsha kwamandla kagesi aphezulu.

Imingcele ebalulekile yokushintsha kwe-analogue yilezi:

• on-resistance: ukumelana lapho kuvuliwe.Lokhu kuvame ukusukela ku-5ohmskuya kumakhulu ambalwa ohm.
• off-resistance: ukumelana lapho icishiwe.Lokhu ngokuvamile inombolo yama-megaohms noma ama-gigaohms.
• ububanzi besignali: ama-voltage amancane naphezulu avunyelwe ukuze isignali idlule.Uma lezi zeqiwe, iswishi ingase yonakaliswe amaza amakhulu.Izinhlobo ezindala zokushintshwa zingakwazi ngishobopha, okusho ukuthi bayaqhubeka nokuqhuba imisinga eyeqile ngisho nangemva kokuba isignali engalungile isusiwe.
• umjovo wokushaja.Lo mphumela udala ukuthi iswishi ijove kancaneimali kagesikusignali lapho ivula, ibangele encanespikenomaglitch.Umjovo wokushaja ucaciswe kuama-coulombs.

Ukushintsha kwe-analogue kuyatholakala kukho kokubilingokusebenzisa-imbobo ubuchwepheshenoma ngeubuchwepheshe obuphezuluamaphakheji.

Iswishi ye-analog iyiswishi esebenzisa izici ze-JFET noma ze-MOS ukulawula indlela yesiginali.

Iswishi ye-analog iyiswishi esetshenziswayoizici ze-JFETnomaMOSukulawula indlela yesignali, futhi isetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko ukuqedela umsebenzi wokushintsha woxhumano lwesignali noma ukunqanyulwa.Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo okuphansi kwamandla, isivinini esisheshayo, akukho othintana nabo bemishini, usayizi omncane kanye nempilo ende yesevisi, iye yasetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene zokulawula okuzenzakalelayo kanye nemikhiqizo ye-electronic digital.

Isakhiwo soshintsho lwenqubo ye-analogi yenqubo ye-CMOS siboniswa kuMfanekiso 1. Ukuxhuma i-NMOS ne-PMOS ngokuhambisana kuvumela amasignali ukuthi adlule ngokulinganayo kuzo zombili izinkomba.Isango lisetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuvula nokucisha iswishi.I-NMOS ivula uma i-Vgs ivuma, futhi iyacisha lapho i-Vgs inegethivu, bese i-PMOS yenza okuphambene.Ngenxa yezici ezihlukile ze-PMOS ne-NMOS, iswishi eyakhiwe ngazo inezici eziboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.Inani lamanje lesignali elithwalwa phakathi kwe-NMOS ne-PMOS linqunywa isilinganiso sokufaka ku-voltage ephumayo.Njengoba iswishi ingenayo inkinga yokukhetha isiqondiso sokugeleza kwamanje, awukho umehluko phakathi kokufaka nokuphumayo.Ama-MOSFET amabili ayavulwa noma acinywe ngaphansi kokulawulwa kokuguqulwa kwangaphakathi nokungaguquki.Ubuhle bokushintshwa kwe-CMOS ububanzi obuguquguqukayo besitimela-to-isitimela, ukusebenza kwe-bidirectional, futhi ukumelana nokukhanya kuhlala kungashintshile lapho i-voltage yokufaka ishintsha.