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1.Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwemikhiqizo ye-silicon

Embonini ye-semiconductor, izinto ze-silicon zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni ama-diode/transistors, amasekethe ahlanganisiwe, ama-rectifiers, ama-thyristors, njll. Ngokukhethekile, ama-diode/transistors enziwe ngezinto ze-silicon asetshenziswa kakhulu kwezokuxhumana, i-radar, ukusakaza, ithelevishini, ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo. , njll.;amasekethe ahlanganisiwe asetshenziswa kakhulu kumakhompiyutha ahlukahlukene, ezokuxhumana, ekusakazweni, ekulawuleni okuzenzakalelayo, amawashi ayisitophuwashi kagesi, izinsimbi, namamitha, njll.;ama-rectifiers asetshenziswa kakhulu ekulungiseni;Ama-thyristors asetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-Rectifiers asetshenziswa kakhulu ukulungisa, ukuhanjiswa kwe-DC, nokusabalalisa, izitimela zikagesi, ukuzithiba kwemishini, ama-oscillator aphezulu, njll.;ama-ray detectors asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlaziyeni amandla e-athomu, ukuthola ukukhanya kwe-quantum;amaseli elanga asetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wokukhiqiza amandla elanga.

2.Ingabe ikhona into ye-chip yesikhathi esizayo engangena esikhundleni se-silicon?

I-silicon iyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu kunazo zonke namuhla, kodwa ukuvela kwe-graphene, eyaziwa ngokuthi "inkosi yezinto ezintsha", kuye kwaholela ochwepheshe abaningi ukuba babikezele ukuthi i-graphene ingaba enye indlela enhle kakhulu ye-silicon, kodwa izoncika kakhulu embonini yayo. ukuthuthukiswa.

Kungani i-graphene ithandwa?Ngaphandle kwezakhiwo zayo ze-semiconductor, ezingekho ngaphansi kwalezo ze-silicon, futhi inezinzuzo eziningi i-silicon engenazo.Njengoba umkhawulo wokucubungula we-silicon uthathwa njengobubanzi bomugqa we-10nm, ngamanye amazwi, uma inqubo ingaphansi kuka-10nm, umkhiqizo we-silicon uzoba ongaqinile futhi inqubo izoba yisidingo kakhulu.Ukuze kuzuzwe amazinga aphezulu okuhlanganiswa nokusebenza, izinto ezintsha ze-semiconductor kufanele zicutshungulwe, futhi i-graphene ibe ukukhetha okuhle.Ososayensi baye babona umphumela we-quantum Hall ku-graphene ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, futhi okokusebenza akusabalali emuva lapho kuhlangana nokungcola, okuphakamisa ukuthi inokuhamba kukagesi okuqinile.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-graphene ibonakala icishe ibe sobala, futhi izici zayo ezibonakalayo azigcini nje ngokuba zinhle kakhulu kodwa futhi zishintsha nokuqina kwe-graphene.Ngakho-ke le ndawo yahlulelwa ukuthi ifaneleka kahle kwizicelo ku-optoelectronics.

Mhlawumbe isizathu sokuba bulliness of graphene futhi kuncike ungubani yayo: carbon nanomaterials.Ama-nanotubes e-carbon awanamthungo, amashubhu angenalutho enziwe ngamashidi e-graphene agingqelwe emzimbeni onokusebenza kahle kagesi okuhle kakhulu nezindonga ezincane kakhulu.Ngokweqile, i-carbon nanotube chip incane kune-silicon chip ezingeni elifanayo lokuhlanganisa;ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-carbon nanotubes ngokwawo akhiqiza ukushisa okuncane kakhulu, okuthi, kuhlanganiswe nokuhamba kahle kwawo okushisayo, kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla;futhi ngokwezindleko zokuthola i-elementi ye-carbon, akunzima ukuthola izinto ze-carbon, uma kubhekwa ukusatshalaliswa kwayo okubanzi nokuqukethwe okukhulu ngokulinganayo emhlabeni.

Vele, i-graphene manje isisetshenziswe ezikrinini, amabhethri, namadivayisi agqokekayo, futhi ososayensi benze inqubekelaphambili enkulu kulo mkhakha wocwaningo, kodwa sekukonke, uma i-graphene izothatha indawo ye-silicon ngempela futhi ibe into evamile yama-chips, umzamo owengeziwe okudingekayo ohlelweni lokukhiqiza kanye nobuchwepheshe bamadivayisi asekelayo.