Ngo-Agasti 2022, izinkampani eziyisishiyagalombili zase-Japan, okuhlanganisa i-Toyota, i-Sony, i-Kioxia, i-NEC, nezinye, zasungula i-Rapidus, ithimba lesizwe lase-Japan lama-semiconductors esizukulwane esilandelayo, ngoxhaso olukhulu lwama-yen oluyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-70 oluvela kuhulumeni wase-Japan.
I-"Rapidus" yesiLatini esho ukuthi "shesha", Inhloso yale nkampani ukuhambisana ne-TSMC futhi kuzuzwe ukwenziwa kwasendaweni kwenqubo ye-2nm ngo-2027.
Umgomo wokugcina wokuvuselela imboni ye-semiconductor yaseJapan inkampani eyasungulwa ngo-2002, iBillda, kanye ne-Samsung eminyakeni eyi-10 ngemva kwempi, kwaba abaseNingizimu Korea bashaywa baze baqothuka, impahla yokugcina yayihlanganiswe neMicron.
Ngosuku olwandulela ukuqhuma kwaleyo makethe yetheminali ephathwayo, yonke imboni yama-semiconductor yaseJapane yayimangele.Njengoba lesi sisho sisho, izwe linebhadi lezimbongi, futhi ukuqothuka kwe-Elpida sekuphenduke into ehlafunwa kaningi emhlabeni wezimboni, futhi uchungechunge lwezincwadi ze-semiconductor scar ezimelelwe "Lost Manufacturing" zazalwa ngenxa yalokho.
Phakathi nesikhathi esifanayo, izikhulu zaseJapane zahlela izinhlelo eziningi zokubamba kanye nokuvuselela, kodwa zaphumelela kancane.
Ngemuva kuka-2010, umjikelezo omusha wokukhula embonini ye-semiconductor, izinkampani zama-chip zaseJapane ezazinamandla cishe azikho ngokuhlanganyela, inzuzo yensimu yi-United States, iNingizimu Korea neTaiwan zonke zihlukene.
Ngaphandle kwenkampani ye-memory chip i-Kioxia, esivele ifakwe ephaketheni yi-Bain Capital, amakhadi okugcina asele embonini yama-chip yaseJapane yi-Sony ne-Renesas Electronics.
Eminyakeni emithathu edlule, ubhubhane lomhlaba wonke olubekwe phezulu ekuncipheni kwesidingo sama-electronics abathengi bekufanele kube ukwehla kwemboni yama-chip.Ngo-2023, imboni ye-semiconductor yomhlaba wonke isaphuma phansi emjikelezweni, kodwa iJapan yahola zonke ezinye izifunda ngoFebhuwari, ihola ekuzuzeni ukuthengiswa kabusha, futhi kungenzeka kube ukuphela kwesifunda esingaphandle kweYurophu ukufeza ukukhula. kulo nyaka.
Mhlawumbe kuwukuphindaphindeka kwezinkampani zama-chip zaseJapan, okuhambisana nesidingo sokuphepha kwe-supply chain, okuqhubeza ukuzalwa kohlelo olukhulu lwemvuselelo ngemuva kwe-Elpida Rapidus, ukubambisana kwayo ne-IBM kuphinde kubhekwe “njengokubuyela kweJapan embonini yokukhiqiza ye-semiconductor esezingeni eliphezulu. ithuba, kodwa futhi ithuba elingcono kakhulu."
Kwenzekeni embonini ye-elekthronikhi yaseJapan kusukela ngo-2012, lapho uBillda efadalala?
Ukwakhiwa Kabusha Kwangemva Kwenhlekelele
Ukuqothuka kukaBillda ngo-2012 kwaba isenzakalo esiyingqopha-mlando, okuhambisana nakho ukuwohloka okuphelele kwemboni ye-semiconductor yase-Japan, lapho iziqhwaga ezintathu i-Panasonic, i-Sony, ne-Sharp ekhiqiza ukulahlekelwa kwamarekhodi, kanye ne-Renesas ebheke onqenqemeni lokuqothuka.Ukuzamazama komhlaba okumangalisayo okwabangelwa yilokhu kuqothuka kwaletha nezinhlekelele zesibili ezifinyelela kude embonini yaseJapane:
Enye yazo ukwehla kohlobo lwetheminali: I-Sharp's TV, i-air conditioner ka-Toshiba, umshini wokuwasha we-Panasonic kanye nomakhalekhukhwini wakwa-Sony, izikhondlakhondla ze-electronics zabathengi cishe zonke zinciphile ukuze zibe abahlinzeki bezingxenye.Okudabukisa kakhulu yi-Sony, ikhamera, i-walkman, ifilimu yomsindo nethelevishini lezi zinzuzo zephrojekthi, ngokulandelana ku-muzzle ye-iPhone.
Okwesibili ukuwohloka kochungechunge lwezimboni ezikhuphuka nomfula: kusukela kuphaneli, inkumbulo, kuya ekukhiqizeni ama-chip, kungalahlekelwa impi kumaKorea alahlekile ngokuyisisekelo.Ngemva kokubulala ama-memory chips aseJapane, kwasala i-Toshiba kuphela ekhanyisa isithombo, imiphumela yokuguqulwa kukaToshiba kokuvinjelwa kwamandla enuzi kuhambisana nomthelela wokukhwabanisa kwezezimali, ibhizinisi lenkumbulo ekhanyayo eliqanjwe kabusha ngokuthi i-Kioxia, elidayiselwa i-Bain Capital ngezinyembezi.
Ukucabangisisa okuhlangene kwezemfundo ngesikhathi esifanayo, isikhulu saseJapane kanye nomkhakha wezimboni nawo wethula uchungechunge lomsebenzi wokwakha kabusha ngemva kwenhlekelele, into yokuqala yokwakha kabusha umfowabo onzima kaBillda: Renesas Electronics.
Ngokufana ne-Billda, i-Renesas Electronics ihlanganise amabhizinisi e-semiconductor ye-NEC, i-Hitachi, ne-Mitsubishi ngaphezu kwe-DRAM, futhi yaqeda umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa ngo-April 2010, yaqala njengenkampani yesine ngobukhulu emhlabeni.
E-Japan iphuthelwe inkathi ye-inthanethi yeselula yokuzisola, ukutholwa kwe-Renesas kanzima kwesigaba se-semiconductor yakwaNokia, ihlela ukuyihlanganisa nolayini wayo womkhiqizo wokucubungula, esitimeleni sokugcina segagasi lamafoni ahlakaniphile.
Kodwa izindleko zemali enzima yokwenza ithikithi ukulahlekelwa nyanga zonke kwama-yen ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili, kuya ku-2011, ukuqubuka kwengozi yokuqala yesikhungo samandla enyukliya yaseJapane iFukushima, ebekwe endaweni yokukhiqiza amandla adonsela phansi ezikhukhula zaseThailand, ukulahlekelwa kweRenesas kwafinyelela ku-62.6 billion. yen, ingxenye yonyawo ekubhidlikeni nasekuqedweni.
Into yesibili yokwakhiwa kabusha kwakunguSony, owake wabhekwa ngabakwaJobs njengemodeli yemboni yezogesi.
Amaphutha akwa-Sony angagxiliswa ekudelweni kwamakhono esoftware, okungenye yezinkinga ezijwayelekile embonini yezogesi yaseJapan.Kokubili uhlobo lwayo lwebhizinisi oluhlanganyelwe no-Ericsson kanye nama-smartphones akwa-Sony selwenziwe njengawenza amafoni omubi kakhulu omsebenzisi anehadiwe ehamba phambili.
Ngo-2017, i-Xperia XZ2P, enesisindo esiyingxenye yekhilo, iwumphumela wale "hardware".
Ngo-2002, i-TV yebhizinisi lensika yakwaSony yaqala ukulahlekelwa, i-Walkman yaklinywa ngokuqondile i-iPod, yalandelwa amakhamera edijithali, amafoni ahlakaniphile awela e-altare ngokulandelana.Ngo-2012, ukulahlekelwa kukaSony kwafinyelela inani eliphakeme kakhulu lekhalenda lama-yen ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-456.6, inani lemakethe lama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-125 lisuka phezulu ngo-2000 lancipha laya ku- $ 10 billion, ukuthengiswa kwememe yesakhiwo nakho kwazalelwa lapha.
Nakuba zombili izinkampani zihlushwa ukugula, ngo-2012, lokhu sekuvele kuphansi kwamakhadi ambalwa embonini ye-electronics yaseJapane.
Ngo-April 2012, u-Kazuo Hirai wathatha isikhundla sokuba yi-CEO yakwa-Sony, futhi ngenyanga efanayo wamemezela uhlelo lwe-"One Sony" lokuhlanganisa lonke iqembu.Ekupheleni konyaka, iRenesas ithole umjovo wemali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-150 ye-yen evela ku-Industrial Innovation Corporation yaseJapan (INCJ), isikhwama sikahulumeni olingana nohulumeni, kanye namakhasimende amakhulu ayisishiyagalombili, okuhlanganisa iToyota, Nissan, kanye neCanon, futhi yamemezela ukuhlelwa kabusha. yebhizinisi layo.
Izinyathelo zaseJapan ze-semiconductor ziphuma endaweni epholile seziqale ngokungenakuvinjwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-16-2023