I-NUC975DK61Y - Amasekhethi Ahlanganisiwe, Ashumekiwe, Ama-Microcontrollers - I-NUVOTON Technology Corporation

1 Incazelo yesilawuli esincane

Njengoba i-microcontroller iyiyunithi ye-arithmetic logic, inkumbulo, isibali sikhathi/isibali, namasekhethi ahlukahlukene / O, njll. ahlanganiswe ku-chip, akha isistimu yekhompuyutha eyisisekelo ephelele, yaziwa nangokuthi i-single-chip microcomputer.

Uhlelo olusenkumbulweni ye-microcontroller esetshenziswa eduze ne-microcontroller hardware kanye namasekhethi ezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, luhlukaniswa nesofthiwe ye-PC, futhi lubizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lwe-microcontroller njenge-firmware.Ngokuvamile, i-microprocessor iyi-CPU kusekethe eyodwa ehlanganisiwe, kuyilapho i-microcontroller iyi-CPU, i-ROM, i-RAM, i-VO, i-timer, njll. konke kusekethe eyodwa ehlanganisiwe.Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CPU, i-microcontroller ayinawo amandla ekhompiyutha anamandla kangako, futhi ayinayo i-MemoryManaaement Unit, eyenza i-microcontroller ikwazi ukuphatha kuphela ukulawula okukodwa nokulula, okunengqondo, neminye imisebenzi, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ekulawuleni imishini, ukucubungula isignali yezinzwa. nezinye izinkambu, njengezinto zikagesi zasendlini, izimboni, amathuluzi kagesi, njll.

2 Ukwakhiwa kwe-microcontroller

I-microcontroller iqukethe izingxenye ezimbalwa: iphrosesa emaphakathi, inkumbulo, nokokufaka/okuphumayo:

- Central processor:

Iphrosesa emaphakathi iyingxenye eyinhloko ye-MCU, okuhlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko zesisebenzisi nesilawuli.

- Umsebenzisi

Umsebenzisi uqukethe iyunithi ye-arithmetic & logical (ALU), i-accumulator namarejista, njll. Indima ye-ALU ukwenza imisebenzi ye-arithmetic noma enengqondo kudatha engenayo.I-ALU iyakwazi ukwengeza, ukususa, ukufanisa, noma ukuqhathanisa usayizi wale datha emibili, futhi ekugcineni igcine umphumela kusiqoqelilwazi.

Umsebenzisi unemisebenzi emibili:

(1) Ukwenza imisebenzi ye-arithmetic ehlukahlukene.

(2) Ukwenza imisebenzi enengqondo ehlukahlukene kanye nokwenza izivivinyo ezinengqondo, njengokuhlola inani elinguziro noma ukuqhathanisa amanani amabili.

Yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa ngu-opharetha iqondiswa amasignali okulawula avela kusilawuli, futhi, ngenkathi ukusebenza kwe-arithmetic kukhiqiza umphumela we-arithmetic, ukusebenza okunengqondo kuveza isinqumo.

-Umlawuli

Isilawuli sakhiwe ngekhawunta yohlelo, irejista yeziqondiso, isikhiphi semiyalo, ijeneretha yesikhathi nesilawuli sokusebenza, njll. "Yindikimba ethatha izinqumo" ekhipha imiyalo, okungukuthi ixhumanisa futhi iqondise ukusebenza kwalo lonke uhlelo lwe-microcomputer.Imisebenzi yayo eyinhloko yilezi:

(1) Ukubuyisa umyalelo enkumbulweni bese ukhombisa indawo yomyalelo olandelayo enkumbulweni.

(2) Ukunquma nokuhlola isiyalo futhi kukhiqize isiginali yokulawula ukusebenza okuhambisanayo ukuze kube lula ukwenziwa kwesenzo esishiwo.

(3) Iqondisa futhi ilawule isiqondiso sokugeleza kwedatha phakathi kwe-CPU, inkumbulo, namadivayisi okokufaka nokukhiphayo.

I-microprocessor ixhumanisa i-ALU, izinto zokubala, amarejista kanye nesigaba sokulawula ngebhasi langaphakathi, futhi ixhuma kumemori yangaphandle namasekhethi okuxhumana okokufaka/okukhiphayo ngebhasi langaphandle.Ibhasi langaphandle, elibizwa nangokuthi ibhasi lesistimu, lihlukaniswe laba ibhasi ledatha elithi DB, ikheli lebhasi AB kanye nokulawula ibhasi CB, futhi lixhunywe kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene asendaweni ngokusebenzisa isekethe yesixhumi esibonakalayo sokufaka/sokukhiphayo.

- Inkumbulo

Imemori ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili: inkumbulo yedatha nememori yohlelo.

Imemori yedatha isetshenziselwa ukulondoloza idatha futhi ukugcinwa kohlelo kusetshenziselwa ukugcina izinhlelo namapharamitha.

-Okokufaka/Okukhiphayo -Ukuxhumanisa noma ukushayela amadivaysi ahlukene

I-serial communication port-exchange data phakathi kwe-MCU nezinye izinto eziphathelene nomngcele, njenge-UART, SPI, 12C, njll.

3 Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Microcontroller

Ngokwenani lamabhithi, ama-microcontroller angahlukaniswa abe: 4-bit, 8-bit, 16-bit, kanye no-32-bit.Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo, ama-akhawunti angu-32 ama-akhawunti angu-55%, ama-akhawunti angu-8 ama-akhawunti angu-43%, ama-akhawunti angu-4 angu-2%, nama-akhawunti angu-16 angu-1%

Kuyabonakala ukuthi izilawuli ezincane ezingama-32-bit kanye ne-8-bit zingama-microcontroller asetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla.
Umehluko enanini lamabhithi awumeli ama-microprocessors amahle noma amabi, hhayi ukuthi inani eliphakeme lamabhithi lingcono i-microprocessor, futhi hhayi ukwehlisa inani lamabhithi kubi kakhulu i-microprocessor.

Ama-MCU angu-8-bit ahlukahlukene;banikeza uhlelo olulula, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nosayizi omncane wephakheji (abanye banamaphini ayisithupha kuphela).Kodwa lezi zilawuli ezincane azijwayele ukusetshenziselwa imisebenzi yokuxhumana nokuxhumana.

Izimiso ezivamile zenethiwekhi nezitaki zesofthiwe yokuxhumana ziyi-16- noma i-32-bit.Ama-peripherals okuxhumana ayatholakala kwamanye amadivaysi e-8-bit, kodwa ama-MCU angu-16 no-32-bit ngokuvamile ayisinqumo esisebenza kahle kakhulu.Noma kunjalo, ama-MCU angu-8-bit ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukulawulwa okuhlukahlukene, ukuzwela, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokusebenzelana.

Ngokwezakhiwo, ama-microcontrollers angahlukaniswa abe izigaba ezimbili: I-RISC (Amakhompiyutha Asethiwe Wokufundisa) kanye ne-CISC (Amakhompiyutha Okusetha Okuyinkimbinkimbi).

I-RISC iyi-microprocessor eyenza izinhlobo ezimbalwa zemiyalo yekhompyutha futhi yaqalwa ngeminyaka yo-1980 nge-MIPS mainframe (okungukuthi, imishini ye-RISC), futhi ama-microprocessors asetshenziswa emishinini ye-RISC ngokuhlangene abizwa ngokuthi ama-RISC processors.Ngale ndlela, iyakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ngesivinini esisheshayo (imiyalelo eyizigidi ngaphezulu ngomzuzwana, noma i-MIPS).Ngenxa yokuthi amakhompyutha adinga ama-transistors engeziwe nama-elementi esekethe ukuze asebenzise uhlobo ngalunye lweziyalezo, ukukhudlwana kwesethi yemiyalo yekhompuyutha kwenza i-microprocessor ibe nzima kakhulu futhi yenze imisebenzi kancane kancane.

I-CISC ihlanganisa isethi ecebile yemiyalo emincane eyenza kube lula ukudalwa kwezinhlelo ezisebenza kuphrosesa.Imiyalo yakhiwe ngolimi lokuhlanganisa, futhi eminye imisebenzi evamile eyaqalwa isofthiwe yenziwa isistimu yeziqondiso zehadiwe esikhundleni salokho.Ngakho-ke umsebenzi womhleli wehliswa kakhulu, futhi eminye imisebenzi yezinga eliphansi noma imisebenzi icutshungulwa kanyekanye enkathini ngayinye yokufundisa ukuze kwandiswe isivinini sokwenziwa kwekhompyutha, futhi lolu hlelo lubizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lweziyalezo oluyinkimbinkimbi.

4 Isifinyezo

Inselele enkulu yonjiniyela bezimoto banamuhla ukwakha intengo ephansi, engenazinkinga, futhi noma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kungasebenza amasistimu ezimoto, ekusebenzeni kwemoto kuyathuthuka kancane kancane okwamanje, ama-microcontroller kulindeleke ukuthi athuthukise ukusebenza. yamayunithi okulawula i-automotive electronic.