Izimfanelo Zomkhiqizo

Omunye ukugembula okukhulu kwe-chip giant

I-Intel ibonakala sengathi ayinaso isibindi sokuphula iqolo layo.

Uma ubuyisela izandla zesikhathi ku-1985, uzothola ukuthi i-Intel yenza isinqumo esifanayo namuhla njengoba yenza ngaleso sikhathi - ukuphuma emakethe yokugcina izinto.

Eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu nesikhombisa edlule, kwakuyilesi sinqumo sokuphuma emakethe yokugcina izinto esaholela esikhundleni esihamba phambili se-Intel emkhakheni we-microprocessor.Ngakho-ke eminyakeni engama-37 kamuva, hlobo luni lwekusasa esizolethwa yi-Intel isinqumo esifanayo?

Ilahla isitoreji ukuze ithathe indawo ephezulu ye-CPU

Emashumini amabili noma amathathu eminyaka adlule, i-Intel yayinamandla okulawula ngokuphelele emkhakheni wama-microprocessors ekhompiyutha, yake yathatha ngaphezu kuka-80% wesabelo semakethe yomhlaba wonke sama-chips ekhompuyutha yomuntu siqu namaseva, futhi insimu ye-CPU yayikhanya kangangokuthi abantu bake bakhohlwa ukuthi i-Intel. ekuqaleni ibingumkhiqizi we-semiconductor yokugcina, inkampani yokuqala emhlabeni ukuthengisa i-DRAM.

Yasungulwa ngo-1968, umkhiqizo wokuqala we-Intel kwakuyi-bipolar processing 64-bit memory chip, codenamed 3101, eyalandelwa inkumbulo yokuqala ephezulu (256-bit) metal oxide semiconductor memory, 1101, kanye nenkumbulo yokuqala eguquguqukayo engahleliwe enomthamo. kokungu-1KB, 1103. “1103″.Ngenani eliphakeme kakhulu lentengo/ukusebenza, imikhiqizo ye-Intel yokugcina yayishoda, futhi kuze kube sekuqaleni kwawo-1980, u-Intel wayengumpetha emkhakheni we-DRAM.

Kodwa-ke, kwaba ukuqala kwempi yentengo yaseJapan eyakhipha i-Intel esihlalweni sokugcina semiconductor.

Ngo-1976, eholwa uMnyango Wezohwebo Nezimboni WaseJapan (MITI), noHitachi, Mitsubishi, Fujitsu, Toshiba, kanye neNEC njengomgogodla wezinkampani ezinhlanu ezinkulu, i-Electrical Technology Laboratory yoMnyango Wezohwebo Nezimboni (EIL). i-Japan Industrial Technology Research Institute (JITRI) Electronics Research Institute kanye ne-Institute of Computer Science and Technology, bakha “i-VLSI Joint Research and Development Group”, batshala imali 72 I-VLSI Consortium yasungulwa ngokutshalwa kwezigidigidi ezingama-72 zamayen ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo ngokubambisana nge-microfabrication. ubuchwepheshe bamasekhethi ahlanganisiwe.

Ngo-1981, impi yangempela phakathi kwe-US neJapane yaqala.I-chip ye-3200 eyethulwe yiPanasonic yaba ihhashi elimnyama endaweni yokugcina izinto, ngentengo ephansi nokuthembeka okuphezulu kune-Intel 8087 chip, futhi ngokushesha yathatha imakethe yase-US.Imboni yenkumbulo yaseJapan enolaka ibangele ukuthi intengo yama-memory chips e-Intel yehle isuka ku-US$28 yaya ku-US$6 phakathi nonyaka, futhi isabelo sayo semakethe sehla saba ngaphansi kwama-20%.Ngo-1984 wabona ukwehla ekusebenzeni kwe-Intel.

Ngo-1985, u-Andy Grove wanquma ukushiya ama-memory chips, esusa ukugxila kwebhizinisi le-Intel kusuka kuma-memory chips kuya ku-CPU computing chips.Lokhu bekuwukuhoxa kokuqala kwe-Intel emakethe yokugcina izinto, futhi kube yilesi sinqumo esaholela ekubuseni okwalandela kwe-Intel emakethe ye-microprocessor yomhlaba.

I-Intel yayisivele yethule i-microprocessor yokuqala emhlabeni, i-4004, ngo-1971;i-8080, eyatuswa ochwepheshe njengenye yama-microprocessors aphumelela kunazo zonke zesikhathi sonke, ngo-1974;i-architecture ye-x86, eyaziwa manje, yenza i-debut yayo ku-8086 processor ngo-1978;kanye ne-8088, eyangenisa inkathi ye-microcomputer, ngo-1979. I-8088 processor, eyangenisa inkathi yama-microcomputers, yethulwa ngo-1979. mainstay ye-Intel ngaleso sikhathi, enama-microprocessors kuphela eceleni.

Ngemuva kokuthatha isinqumo sokususa ukugxila kwebhizinisi ngo-1985, i-Intel yethula uchungechunge lwamaphrosesa akudala afana ne-80386, 80486, kanye ne-Pentium (Pentium), lapho i-80386 kwaba i-microprocessor yokuqala engama-32-bit kanye ne-Pentium processor yaba ngenye yeziningi kakhulu. ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile bawo-1990.Ngokubambisana ne-Microsoft, i-Intel yaqeda ukubusa kwenkosi yangaphambili, i-IBM, futhi yaba inkosi entsha yomhlaba we-PC, futhi kuze kube namuhla akekho embonini ye-PC okwazile ukuphula imodeli ye-Windows plus Intel Wintel.

Lokhu kwakamuva kwenzeka njengoba sonke sazi, njengoba imboni yekhompyutha yomuntu siqu, emelwe yi-PC, ihluma futhi yaba yimpumelelo enkulu, ibhizinisi le-Intel le-microprocessor lakwazi ukususa umfutho futhi i-Intel yakhula isuka kumkhiqizi wememori yaba i-chip hegemon.Ngekota yesithathu ka-2002, isabelo se-Intel semakethe ye-microprocessor yomhlaba wonke sasingu-85.9%.