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MAX™ CPLD Series

I-Altera MAX™ complex programmable logic device (CPLD) Series ikunikeza amandla aphansi, ama-CPLD abiza kancane.Umndeni we-MAX V CPLD, umndeni omusha ochungechungeni lwe-CPLD, iletha inani elingcono kakhulu lemakethe.Ihambisana nesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele, esingaguquguquki kanye nenye yama-CPLD amakhulu kakhulu embonini, amadivayisi we-MAX V ahlinzeka ngezici ezintsha ezinamandla ngamandla aphansi esewonke uma kuqhathaniswa nama-CPLD aqhudelanayo.Umndeni we-MAX II CPLD, ngokusekelwe ekwakhiweni okufanayo kwesisekelo, uletha amandla aphansi nezindleko eziphansi ngephinikhodi ye-I/O ngayinye.Ama-MAX II CPLDs angamadivayisi asebenza ngokushesha, angaguquguquki aqondise inhloso evamile, ukuqonda okunomthamo omncane kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziphathwayo, ezifana nedizayini yehendisethi yeselula.Amandla anguziro MAX IIZ CPLDs anikeza izinzuzo ezifanayo ezingaguquguquki, ezisheshayo ezitholakala kumndeni we-MAX II CPLD futhi zisebenza kunhlobonhlobo yemisebenzi.Kwenziwe ngenqubo ye-CMOS engu-0.30-µm ethuthukisiwe, umndeni we-EEPROM we-MAX 3000A CPLD unikeza amandla okusebenza ngokushesha futhi unikeza ukuminyana kusuka kuma-macrocell angu-32 kuya kwangu-512.

MAX® V CPLDs

Ama-Altera MAX® V CPLD aletha inani elingcono kakhulu lemboni ngezindleko eziphansi, ama-CPLD anamandla aphansi, anikeza izici ezintsha eziqinile ezingafika ku-50% amandla esewonke aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nama-CPLD aqhudelanayo.I-Altera MAX V iphinde ibe nesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele, esingaguquguquki kanye nenye yama-CPLD amakhulu kakhulu embonini.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-MAX V ihlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi ebingaphandle ngaphambilini, efana ne-flash, i-RAM, ama-oscillator, nama-loops akhiywe ngesigaba, futhi ezimweni eziningi, iletha ama-I/O amaningi kanye nokunengqondo ngonyawo ngalunye ngentengo efanayo nama-CPLD aqhudelanayo. .I-MAX V isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokupakisha obuluhlaza, namaphakheji amancane njengo-20 mm2.Ama-MAX V CPLD asekelwa yi-Quartus II® Software v.10.1, evumela ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza okuholela ekufanisweni okusheshayo, ukulethwa kwebhodi ngokushesha, nokuvalwa kwesikhathi ngokushesha.

Iyini i-CPLD (I-Complex Programmable Logic Device) 

Ubuchwepheshe bolwazi, i-inthanethi, nama-electronic chips asebenza njengesisekelo senkathi yesimanje yedijithali.Cishe bonke ubuchwepheshe besimanje bukhona ngenxa yezinto zikagesi, kusukela ku-inthanethi nokuxhumana kwamaselula kuya kumakhompyutha namaseva.I-elekthronikhi iyinkambu enkulu eneamagatsha amaningi.Lesi sihloko sizokufundisa mayelana nedivayisi ye-elekthronikhi ebalulekile eyaziwa ngokuthi i-CPLD (I-Complex Programmable Logic Device).

Ukuvela kweDigital Electronics

Ezogesiiwumkhakha oyinkimbinkimbi onezinkulungwane zezinto zikagesi kanye nezingxenye ezikhona.Kodwa-ke, ngobubanzi, izinto zikagesi zisezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko:i-analog nedijithali.

Ezinsukwini zokuqala zobuchwepheshe be-electronics, amasekhethi ayefana, njengomsindo, ukukhanya, i-voltage, kanye namanje.Kodwa-ke, onjiniyela be-elekthronikhi basheshe bathola ukuthi amasekethe e-analog ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuklama futhi ayabiza.Isidingo sokusebenza okusheshayo kanye nezikhathi zokushintsha ngokushesha kuholele ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bedijithali.Namuhla cishe yonke imishini yekhompyutha ekhona ihlanganisa ama-IC edijithali namaphrosesa.Emhlabeni wezogesi, izinhlelo zedijithali manje sezithathe indawo kagesi we-analog ngenxa yezindleko zazo eziphansi, umsindo ophansi, kangcono.isignali yobuqotho, ukusebenza okuphezulu, nokuba yinkimbinkimbi okuphansi.

Ngokungafani nenani elingenamkhawulo lamaleveli edatha kusignali ye-analog, isignali yedijithali iqukethe kuphela amazinga amabili okunengqondo (o-1 kanye no-0).

Izinhlobo Zamadivayisi Edijithali Edijithali

Imishini kagesi yedijithali yakuqala yayilula futhi yayinamasango ambalwa anengqondo.Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inkimbinkimbi yamasekhethi edijithali yanda, ngakho-ke, ukuhleleka kwaba isici esibalulekile samadivayisi wesimanje okulawula idijithali.Izigaba ezimbili ezihlukene zamadivayisi edijithali avele ukuze anikeze ukuhleleka.Ikilasi lokuqala lalihlanganisa ukwakheka kwehadiwe engaguquki enesofthiwe ehlelwa kabusha.Izibonelo zamadivayisi anjalo zihlanganisa ama-microcontroller nama-microprocessors.Ikilasi lesibili lamadivayisi edijithali lifake izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezingalungiseka kabusha ukuze kuzuzwe umklamo wesifunda onengqondo oguquguqukayo.Izibonelo zamadivayisi anjalo zifaka ama-FPGA, ama-SPLD, nama-CPLD.

I-microcontroller chip ifaka isekethe eqondile yedijithali engakwazi ukushintshwa.Nokho, ukuhleleka kufinyelelwa ngokushintsha isofthiwe/i-firmware esebenza ku-microcontroller chip.Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-PLD (idivayisi yokucabanga ehlelekayo) iqukethe amaseli anengqondo amaningi okuxhunyanwa kwawo kungalungiselelwa kusetshenziswa i-HDL (ulimi lokuchazwa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha).Ngakho-ke, izifunda eziningi ezinengqondo zingenziwa kusetshenziswa i-PLD.Ngenxa yalokhu, ukusebenza nesivinini sama-PLD ngokuvamile kuphakeme kunama-microcontrollers nama-microprocessors.Ama-PLD aphinde anikeze abaklami besifunda ngezinga elikhulu lenkululeko nokuvumelana nezimo.

Amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe ahloselwe ukulawulwa kwedijithali nokucubungula isignali ngokuvamile ahlanganisa iphrosesa, isifunda esinengqondo, nenkumbulo.Ngayinye yalawa mamojula ingenziwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukene.

Isingeniso ku-CPLD

Njengoba kuxoxiwe ngaphambili, kunezinhlobo eziningana ezihlukene zama-PLD (amadivayisi ahlelekayo wokucabanga) akhona, njenge-FPGA, CPLD, ne-SPLD.Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwalawa madivayisi usenkingeni yesekethe kanye nenani lamaseli anengqondo atholakalayo.I-SPLD ngokuvamile inamasango angamakhulu ambalwa, kuyilapho i-CPLD inamasango anengqondo ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa.

Ngokuya ngobunkimbinkimbi, i-CPLD (i-complex programmable logic device) iphakathi kwe-SPLD (idivayisi ehlelekayo ehlelekayo) kanye ne-FPGA futhi ngaleyo ndlela, izuza njengefa izici ezivela kuyo yomibili le mishini.Ama-CPLD ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunama-SPLD kodwa ayinkimbinkimbi kunama-FPGA.

Ama-SPLD asetshenziswa kakhulu afaka i-PAL (i-programmable array logic), i-PLA (uhlelo oluhlelekile lwe-logic), kanye ne-GAL (i-generic array logic).I-PLA iqukethe eyodwa KANYE nendiza eyodwa NOMA indiza.Uhlelo lwezincazelo zezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha luchaza ukuxhumana kwalezi zindiza.

I-PAL ifana ncamashi ne-PLA nokho, kunendiza eyodwa kuphela ehlelekayo esikhundleni sezimbili (KANYE nendiza).Ngokulungisa indiza eyodwa, ubunzima behadiwe buyancipha.Nokho, le nzuzo itholakala ngezindleko zokuguquguquka.

I-CPLD Architecture

I-CPLD ingathathwa njengokuvela kwe-PAL futhi iqukethe izakhiwo eziningi ze-PAL ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-macrocell.Kuphakheji ye-CPLD, zonke izikhonkwane zokufaka ziyatholakala ku-macrocell ngayinye, kanti i-macrocell ngayinye inephini lokuphuma elizinikele.

Kusuka kumdwebo webhulokhi, singabona ukuthi i-CPLD iqukethe ama-macrocell amaningi noma amabhlogo wokusebenza.Ama-macrocell axhunywe ngoxhumano oluhlelekayo, olubizwa nangokuthi i-GIM (i-global interconnection matrix).Ngokulungisa kabusha i-GIM, amasekhethi ahlukene anengqondo angenziwa.Ama-CPLD asebenzisana nomhlaba wangaphandle esebenzisa ama-I/O edijithali.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-CPLD ne-FPGA

Eminyakeni yakamuva, ama-FPGA adume kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo zedijithali ezihlelekayo.Kunokufana okuningi kanye nomehluko phakathi kwe-CPLD ne-FPGA.Ngokuqondene nokufana, kokubili kungamadivayisi anengqondo ahlelekayo ahlanganisa ama-logic gate array.Womabili amadivayisi ahlelwe kusetshenziswa ama-HDL afana ne-Verilog HDL noma i-VHDL.

Umehluko wokuqala phakathi kwe-CPLD ne-FPGA usenani lamasango.I-CPLD iqukethe izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zamasango e-logic, kanti inani lamasango ku-FPGA lingafinyelela ezigidini.Ngakho-ke, izifunda eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinhlelo zingenziwa kusetshenziswa ama-FPGA.Ububi balobu bunzima yizindleko eziphakeme.Ngakho-ke, ama-CPLD afaneleka kakhulu ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Omunye umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwalawa madivayisi womabili ukuthi ama-CPLD afaka i-EEPROM eyakhelwe ngaphakathi engaguquki (inkumbulo yokufinyelela okungahleliwe esuleleka ngogesi), kuyilapho ama-FPGA afaka inkumbulo eguquguqukayo.Ngenxa yalokhu, i-CPLD ingagcina okuqukethwe kwayo ngisho nalapho icishiwe, kuyilapho i-FPGA ingakwazi ukugcina okuqukethwe kwayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yenkumbulo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi engaguquguquki, i-CPLD ingaqala ukusebenza ngokushesha ngemva kokufakwa kwamandla.Ama-FPGA amaningi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, adinga ukusakaza kancane kusuka kumemori yangaphandle engaguquguquki ukuze kuqalwe.

Mayelana nokusebenza, ama-FPGA anokulibaziseka kokucubungula isignali okungalindelekile ngenxa yezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezihlanganiswe nokuhlela ngokwezifiso komsebenzisi.Kuma-CPLD, ukubambezeleka kwephini-to-pin kuncane kakhulu ngenxa yezakhiwo ezilula.Ukubambezeleka kokucubungula isignali kuwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zesikhathi sangempela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuphepha nezishumekiwe.

Ngenxa yamaza okusebenza aphezulu kanye nokusebenza okunengqondo okuyinkimbinkimbi, amanye ama-FPGA angase asebenzise amandla amaningi kunama-CPLD.Ngakho-ke, ukuphatha okushisayo kuwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile ezinhlelweni ezisekelwe ku-FPGA.Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amasistimu asekelwe ku-FPGA ngokuvamile asebenzisa osinki bokushisa namafeni okupholisa futhi adinga ukuphakelwa kwamandla amakhulu, ayinkimbinkimbi namanethiwekhi okusabalalisa.

Ngokombono wokuphepha kolwazi, ama-CPLD avikeleke kakhulu njengoba inkumbulo yakhelwe ku-chip ngokwayo.Ngokuphambene, ama-FPGA amaningi adinga inkumbulo yangaphandle engaguquguquki, okungaba usongo lokuphepha kwedatha.Nakuba ama-algorithms wokubethela idatha aku-FPGA, ama-CPLD ngokwemvelo avikeleke kakhulu uma eqhathaniswa nama-FPGA.

Izicelo ze-CPLD

Ama-CPLD athola isicelo sawo kumasekhethi amaningi okulawula okudijithali okusuka kuye kokuphakathi okuyinkimbinkimbi namasekhethi okucubungula amasignali.Ezinye zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile zihlanganisa:

1. Ama-CPLD angasetshenziswa njengama-bootloaders ama-FPGA nezinye izinhlelo ezihlelekayo.
2. Ama-CPLD avame ukusetshenziswa njengamadekhoda ekheli kanye nemishini yesimo yangokwezifiso ezinhlelweni zedijithali.
3. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuncane kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, ama-CPLD alungele ukusetshenziswa ku-portable kanyeophethwe ngesandlaamadivaysi edijithali.
4. Ama-CPLD nawo asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokulawula ezibucayi zokuphepha.