Izimfanelo Zomkhiqizo

I-Microsemi

I-Microsemi Corporation, enekomkhulu e-Irvine, eCalifornia, ingumklami oholayo, umenzi, kanye nomkhangisi wamasekethe ahlanganisiwe we-analog esebenza kahle kanye nezignali ezixubekile kanye nama-semiconductors athembeke kakhulu aphatha futhi alawule noma alawule amandla okunikezwa kwamandla, avikele kuma-spikes kagesi wesikhashana futhi adlulise. , thola futhi ukhulise amasignali.

Imikhiqizo ye-Microsemi ihlanganisa izingxenye ezizimele kanye nezixazululo zesekethe ezididiyelwe ezithuthukisa imiklamo yamakhasimende ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokuthembeka, ukuthuthukisa amabhethri, ukunciphisa usayizi, nokuvikela amasekhethi.izicelo.

Isingeniso kuma-FPGAs eMicrosemi

I-Microsemi ithole i-Actel ngo-2010, okwenza i-FPGA ye-Microsemi ibe neminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala.Ama-FPGA e-Actel asetshenziswe ngempumelelo ezinhlelweni zasemkhathini ezingaphezu kuka-300 kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, okufakazela ukuthi ama-FPGA e-Actel athembekile ngokungangabazeki.

Imishini ye-anti-fuse yayigxile kakhulu emakethe yezempi futhi ingavulekele imakethe yabantu, ngakho-ke umbono we-Actel wawuhlale ungacacile kuze kube ngu-2002 lapho kwethulwa ama-FPGA asekelwe ku-Flash, embula imfihlakalo ye-Actel, eselokhu yenza kancane kancane. indlela yayo eya emakethe yabantu futhi yaziwa yiwo wonke umuntu.I-Flash Architecture yokuqala i-FPGA kwakuyi-ProASIC, izici zayo ze-chip eyodwa ezilingana nama-CPLD kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi nezici zomthamo ophezulu ezingaphezu kwalezo zama-CPLD zazuza ukunconywa konjiniyela bokuthuthukisa, futhi abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe basebenzisa i-Flash Architecture FPGA ukuze bathathele indawo ama-CPLD okuqala futhi SRAM FPGAs.

Njengoba izidingo zomphakathi ziqhubeka nokushintsha, i-Actel ihlale ithuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bayo be-FPGA, icwenga njalo futhi inothisa imisebenzi nezinsiza zangaphakathi zama-FPGA, futhi ngo-2005 i-Actel yethula isizukulwane sesithathu se-Flash Architecture FPGAs - i-ProASIC3/E.Ukwethulwa ngempumelelo kwe-ProASIC3/E kumemezele igagasi elisha lentuthuko.Ukwethulwa ngempumelelo kwe-ProASIC3/E kumemezele “impi” entsha phakathi kwama-FPGA.Umndeni we-ProASIC3/E waklanywa ukuphendula isidingo semakethe esiqinile sama-FPGA anesici esigcwele, angabizi kakhulu kubathengi, ezezimoto, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingazweli izindleko.Okulandelayo yimikhiqizo ye-Actel.

I-Fusion: i-FPGA yokuqala yomkhakha enokusebenza kwe-analog, ehlanganisa i-12-bit AD, i-Flash Memory, i-RTC, nezinye izingxenye ukwenza i-SoC ibe ngokoqobo.

I-IGLOO: i-FPGA enamandla aphansi kakhulu ene-Flash ehlukile *Imodi yokufriza yokulala, lapho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kufika ku-5µW kanye nesimo se-RAM namarejista kugcinwa khona.

I-IGLOO2: i-I/O elungiselelwe ngokususelwe ku-IGLOO, inikela ngenani eliphakeme kakhulu lamachweba we-I/O, ukusekelwa kokokufaka kwe-Smitter trigger, i-hot-pluging, nezinye izici.

I-ProASIC3L: ayifaki ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-ProASIC3 kuphela kodwa futhi nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi.

I-Nano: ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kwe-FPGA embonini, esebenzisa amandla amile okungenani angu-2µW, efaka iphakheji encane kakhulu engu-3mm*3mm kanye nentengo ephansi kakhulu engu-US$0.46.

Lolu chungechunge lonke luyingxenye yesizukulwane sesithathu se-Flash Architecture FPGAs, izici zayo ezihlukene zingahlangabezana nezidingo zezimakethe ezahlukene futhi zilethe abasebenzisi inhlobonhlobo yezinketho nemiphumela engalindelekile yokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwemikhiqizo yabo.Ake sibheke izici ezijabulisayo ze-Actel yesizukulwane sesithathu se-Flash Architecture FPGAs.

Umndeni we-FPGA we-Polarfire

Ama-FPGA e-Microsemi's PolarFire FPGA angamadivayisi e-FPGA esizukulwane sesihlanu angaguquki anobuchwepheshe bakamuva be-28nm obungaguquki, ukuminyana okuphakathi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, ukwakhiwa okuhlanganisiwe kwamandla aphansi we-FPGA, i-transceiver yamandla aphansi engu-12.7Gbps, i-PCI Express eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ephansi. I-Gen2 (EP/RP) kanye namadivayisi angakhethwa okuvikela idatha kanye nephrosesa ehlanganisiwe yokubethela kwamandla aphansi.Ngamaseli anengqondo afika ku-481K, ama-voltage okusebenza angu-1.0V-1.05V, namazinga okushisa okusebenza ezentengiselwano (0°C – 100°C) nezimboni (-40°C – 100°C), ulayini womkhiqizo we-FPGA weMicrosemi ubanzi, kanye nokwethulwa kwe-PolarFire inweba imakethe yayo engaba khona yama-FPGAs ifinyelele emakethe yamadivaysi aphakathi nendawo afinyelela ku-$2.5 billion.

Kungani usebenzise ama-Microsemi FPGAs

1 Ukuphepha okuphezulu

Ukuvikeleka kwe-Actel Flash architecture FPGAs kuboniswa izendlalelo ezi-3 zokuvikela.

Isendlalelo sokuqala singesendlalelo esibonakalayo sokuvikela, ama-transistors e-Actel's Flash yesizukulwane sesithathu se-Flash architecture FPGAs avikelwe izendlalelo zensimbi eziyi-7, ukususwa kongqimba lwensimbi kunzima kakhulu ukufeza ubunjiniyela obuhlanekezelwe (ngezindlela ezithile zokususa insimbi). ungqimba ukuze ubone isimo sokushintsha sama-transistors angaphakathi futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukhiqize kabusha umklamo);Ama-Flash FPGA awaguquguquki, ayikho i-chip yokumisa yangaphandle edingekayo, i-chip eyodwa, Ingavulwa futhi isebenze ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuphazanyiswa kokusakazwa kwedatha phakathi nenqubo yokumisa.

Isendlalelo sesibili ubuchwepheshe bokubethela be-Flash Lock, okuthi njengoba igama liphakamisa kuwumphumela wokukhiya kumaseli eFlash.I-algorithm ye-128-bit encryption evimbela ukusebenza okungagunyaziwe ku-chip ngokulanda ukhiye ku-chip ukuze ibethelwe, futhi ngaphandle kokhiye, i-chip ayikwazi ukuhlelwa, ukusulwa, ukuqinisekiswa, njll. Isendlalelo sesibili ukubethela kwe-Flash Lock. ubuchwepheshe, okuyi-algorithm ye-128-bit encryption evimbela ukusebenza okungagunyaziwe ku-chip ngokulanda ukhiye we-chip ukuze ubethelwe.

Ungqimba lwesithathu ubuchwepheshe obubethela amafayela ohlelo kusetshenziswa i-algorithm yokubethela ye-AES ejwayelekile emhlabeni wonke, i-algorithm yokubethela enamathela kumbhalo we-US Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) 192, osetshenziswa ama-ejensi kahulumeni wase-US ukuvikela ulwazi olubucayi nolomphakathi.I-algorithm ingaqukatha cishe okhiye abangu-3.4 x 1038 128-bit, uma kuqhathaniswa nosayizi wokhiye ongu-56-bit ezingeni langaphambili le-DES, elihlinzeka cishe ngokhiye abangu-7.2 x 1016.Ngo-2000, i-National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) yamukela izinga le-AES ukuze lingene esikhundleni sezinga le-DES lango-1977, lithuthukise kakhulu ukwethembeka kokubethela.I-NIST ikhombisa ukuvikeleka kwethiyori okuhlinzekwa yi-AES ngokubonisa ukuthi uma isistimu yekhompyutha ingadabula ukhiye we-56-bit DES ngomzuzwana owodwa, kungathatha cishe iminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-149 ukuhlephula ukhiye we-128-bit AES, kuyilapho indawo yonke ibhalwe ukuthi iminyaka engaphansi kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-20, ngakho ungacabanga ukuthi ukuphepha kuthembeke kangakanani.

I-Actel Flash FPGAs, esekelwe ekuvikelweni okuphindwe kathathu okungenhla, ivumela i-IP ebalulekile yomsebenzisi ukuthi ivikelwe kahle futhi yenze i-ISP ekude ibe nokwenzeka, okuzohlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okuthembeke kakhulu kwemiklamo enengqondo ehlelekayo.

2 Ukwethembeka okuphezulu

Izinhlobo ezimbili zamaphutha azinakugwenywa kuma-transistors asekelwe ku-SRAM: Iphutha Elithambile kanye Nephutha Eliqinile, elibangelwa izinhlayiya zamandla aphezulu (ama-neutron, izinhlayiya) emkhathini eqhuma ama-transistors e-SRAM, okuthi, ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwawo okuphezulu kwamandla, angashintsha. isimo se-transistor ngesikhathi ishayisana ne-transistor ethile.

Okubizwa ngephutha elithambile ikakhulukazi elenkumbulo ye-SRAM, isb i-SRAM, i-DRAM, njll. Uma izinhlayiya zamandla aphezulu zishaya inkumbulo yedatha ye-SRAM, isimo sedatha sizohlehliswa, ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku-1 noma 1 kuya ku-0, okuholela ekutheni iphutha ledatha lesikhashana, elizonyamalala uma idatha ibhalwa kabusha.Lawa amaphutha abuyiselekayo futhi angehliswa ukutholwa kwamaphutha okwakhelwe ngaphakathi kwe-FPGA nokulungisa (EDAC).

Iphutha le-firmware yilapho iseli yokucushwa ye-SRAM FPGA noma isakhiwo sekhebula sihlaselwa yizinhlayiya ezinamandla emkhathini, okuholela ekushintsheni kokusebenza kwengqondo noma iphutha lezintambo elizoholela ekuhlulekeni okuphelele kwesistimu futhi lizoqhubeka lize lihlolwe futhi lilungiswe.

Isakhiwo se-Actel Flash sivikelekile emaphutheni e-firmware ngenxa yobuchwepheshe be-Flash obuhlukile, obudinga amandla kagesi aphezulu ukuze kuguqulwe isimo se-transistor enqubweni ye-Flash, isidingo esingenakuhlangatshezwana nezinhlayiya ezivamile zamandla, ngakho-ke usongo cishe alukho. -khona.

3 Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi

Ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo ezine zokusetshenziswa kwamandla kuma-FPGA: amandla-up, amandla okumisa, amandla amile, namandla aguqukayo.Ngokuvamile, ama-FPGA anazo zonke izinhlobo ezine zokusetshenziswa kwamandla, kuyilapho i-Actel Flash FPGA inamandla amile kuphela namandla ashukumisayo, awekho amandla okunyusa amandla noma amandla okumisa, njengoba ukukhulisa akudingi imanje enkulu yokuqalisa, namandla okwehla. ayiguquguquki futhi ayidingi inqubo yokumisa.

Ama-FPGA asekelwe ku-Flash akhiwe ama-transistors amabili ngeswitch ehlelekayo ngayinye, kuyilapho ama-FPGA asekelwe ku-SRAM akhiwa ama-transistors ayisithupha ngokushintshwa okuhlelekayo, ngakho-ke ngokomthetho wokuhlaziya ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ama-Flash FPGA asebenzisa amandla amancane kakhulu kunama-SRAM FPGA.

Uchungechunge lwe-Fusion lusekela imodi yokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi lapho i-chip ngokwayo inganikeza i-voltage engu-1.5 V yomgogodla futhi inganikwa amandla futhi ivuke nge-RTC yangaphakathi kanye nengqondo ye-FPGA ukuze kuzuzwe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi;uchungechunge lwe-Actel IGLOO kanye ne-IGLOO+ ye-FPGAs yakhelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphathwa ngesandla ngemodi yayo ehlukile ye-Flash* Friza inganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amile kuze kube ngaphansi kuka-5uW futhi yonge idatha ku-RAM.

Ama-Actel Flash FPGA azosebenzisa amandla amancane kakhulu kunomncintiswano, kokubili ngokwezibalo nangokushintshashintshayo, futhi angasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezizwela amandla futhi ezidinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, isib. ama-PDA, amakhonsoli emidlalo, njll.