I-LVDS Deserializer 2975Mbps 0.6V Izimoto 48-Pin WQFN EP T/R DS90UB928QSQX/NOPB

1.Amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe akhiqizwa ebusweni be-chip ye-semiconductor ayaziwa nangokuthi amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe efilimu emincane.Olunye uhlobo lwesekethe ehlanganisiwe yefilimu ewugqinsi (i-hybrid integrated circuit) isifunda esincane esihlanganisa amadivaysi e-semiconductor ngamanye kanye nezingxenye ze-passive ezihlanganiswe ku-substrate noma ibhodi lesekethe.
Kusukela ngo-1949 kuya ku-1957, ama-prototypes athuthukiswa nguWerner Jacobi, uJeffrey Dummer, uSidney Darlington, noYasuo Tarui, kodwa umjikelezo wesimanje ohlanganisiwe wasungulwa nguJack Kilby ngo-1958.Waklonyeliswa ngeNobel Prize in Physics ngo-2000 ngenxa yalokhu, kodwa uRobert Noyce, naye owathuthukisa isifunda esihlanganisiwe esisebenzayo ngesikhathi esifanayo, washona ngo-1990.
Ngemva kokusungulwa nokukhiqizwa ngobuningi kwe-transistor, izingxenye ezihlukahlukene ze-solid-state semiconductor ezifana nama-diode nama-transistors asetshenziswe ngamanani amakhulu, esikhundleni somsebenzi kanye nendima ye-vacuum tube kumjikelezo.Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-semiconductor yenza amasekethe ahlanganisiwe angenzeka.Ngokuphambene nomhlangano owenziwe ngesandla wamasekhethi usebenzisa izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezihlukene, amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe avumela ukuhlanganiswa kwenani elikhulu lama-micro-transistors ku-chip encane, okwakuyintuthuko enkulu.Ukukhiqizwa kwesikali, ukwethembeka, kanye nendlela eyimodyuli ekwakhiweni kwesekethe yamasekethe ahlanganisiwe kuqinisekise ukwamukelwa ngokushesha kwamasekethe ahlanganisiwe asezingeni esikhundleni sokuklama kusetshenziswa ama-transistors ahlukene.
I-2.Iziyingi ezihlanganisiwe zinezinzuzo ezimbili eziyinhloko ngaphezu kwama-transistors ahlukene: izindleko nokusebenza.Izindleko eziphansi yingoba ama-chips aphrinta zonke izingxenye njengeyunithi nge-photolithography, esikhundleni sokwenza i-transistor eyodwa ngesikhathi.Ukusebenza okuphezulu kungenxa yokuthi izingxenye zishintsha ngokushesha futhi zisebenzisa amandla amancane ngoba izingxenye zincane futhi zisondelene.2006 yabona izindawo zama-chip ezisukela kumamilimitha-skwele ambalwa ukuya ku-350 mm² futhi kufika kuma-transistors ayisigidi nge-mm².
Umjikelezo ohlanganisiwe we-prototype waqedwa nguJack Kilby ngo-1958 futhi wawuhlanganisa i-bipolar transistor, ama-resistors amathathu, kanye ne-capacitor.
Ngokuya ngenani lamadivayisi e-microelectronic ahlanganiswe ku-chip, amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe angahlukaniswa abe izigaba ezilandelayo.
Izifunda Ezincane Ezihlanganisiwe Zesikali (SSI) zinamasango anengqondo angaphansi kwe-10 noma ama-transistors ayi-100.
I-Medium Scale Integration (MSI) inamasango anengqondo angu-11 kuye kwayi-100 noma ama-transistors angu-101 kuya ku-1k.
I-Large Scale Integration (LSI) 101 kuya ku-1k amasango anengqondo noma ama-transistors angu-1,001 kuya ku-10k.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwesilinganiso esikhulu kakhulu (VLSI) 1,001~10k amasango anengqondo noma ama-transistors angu-10,001~100k.
I-Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI) 10,001~1M amasango anengqondo noma ama-transistors angu-100,001~10M.
I-GLSI (Giga Scale Integration) 1,000,001 noma amasango e-logic amaningi noma ama-transistors angu-10,000,001 noma ngaphezulu.
3.Ukuthuthukiswa kwamasekethe adidiyelwe
Amasekhethi adidiyelwe athuthuke kakhulu asenhlizweni yama-microprocessors noma ama-multi-core processors angakwazi ukulawula yonke into kusukela kumakhompuyutha kuya kumaselula kuya kumahhavini ama-microwave edijithali.Nakuba izindleko zokuklama nokuthuthukisa isifunda esihlanganisiwe esiyinkimbinkimbi ziphezulu kakhulu, izindleko zesekethe ngayinye ehlanganisiwe ziyancishiswa lapho zisakazwa phezu kwemikhiqizo evame ukulinganiswa ngezigidi.Ukusebenza kwama-IC kuphezulu ngenxa yokuthi usayizi omncane uphumela ezindleleni ezimfushane, okuvumela amasekhethi anengqondo aphansi ukuthi asetshenziswe ngesivinini sokushintsha ngokushesha.
Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ngiqhubekile nokuqhubekela phambili ngibheke ezintweni zefomu ezincane, okuvumela amasekhethi amaningi ukuthi ahlanganiswe chip ngayinye.Lokhu kwandisa umthamo endaweni yeyunithi ngayinye, okuvumela izindleko eziphansi nokusebenza okukhuphukile, bheka uMthetho ka-Moore, lapho inani lama-transistors ku-IC liphindeka kabili njalo eminyakeni engu-1.5.Kafushane, cishe wonke amamethrikhi ayathuthuka njengoba izici zefomu zincipha, izindleko zeyunithi nokushintsha kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwehla, nesivinini sikhuphuka.Nokho, kuphinde kube nezinkinga ngama-IC ahlanganisa amadivayisi e-nanoscale, ikakhulukazi amaza avuzayo.Ngenxa yalokho, ukwanda kwejubane nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kubonakala kakhulu kumsebenzisi wokugcina, futhi abakhiqizi babhekene nenselele enzima yokusebenzisa i-geometry engcono.Le nqubo kanye nenqubekelaphambili elindelwe eminyakeni ezayo kuchazwe kahle kumephu yomgwaqo wobuchwepheshe bamazwe ngamazwe wama-semiconductors.
Ingxenye yekhulu kuphela emva kokuthuthukiswa kwawo, izifunda ezihlanganisiwe zaba yonke indawo futhi amakhompyutha, omakhalekhukhwini, nezinye izinto zikagesi zedijithali zaba yingxenye ebalulekile yendwangu yezenhlalo.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinhlelo zesimanje zekhompyutha, ukuxhumana, ukukhiqiza, nezokuthutha, kuhlanganise ne-inthanethi, konke kuncike ekubeni khona kwamasekhethi ahlanganisiwe.Izazi eziningi zize zicabange ukuguquguquka kwedijithali okulethwa i-IC njengesenzakalo esibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wesintu, nokuthi ukuvuthwa kwe-IC kuzoholela ekuqhumeni okukhulu phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, kokubili mayelana namasu okuklama kanye nokuthuthuka kwezinqubo ze-semiconductor. , zombili zihlobene eduze.