Ngokuvumelana neIbhizinisi laseKorea, i-United States kanye ne-European Union baqinisa ukuphepha kwabo kwezomnotho ngokuqukatha i-China.Bephendula, abanye ochwepheshe bathi iChina ingase ibhekane nezakhi zayo zomhlaba ezingavamile (REEs).
Njengoba sonke sazi, enye yezinto zokusetshenziswa ezibaluleke kakhulu zokukhiqiza ama-chip umhlaba ongavamile.Umhlaba ongavamile usakazwa kabanzi emhlabeni ngamaminerali, futhi ngenxa yobunzima bokuwancibilikisa, ukuwahlukanisa nokuwahlanza, futhi inqubo yokuwaphatha iphinde ikhiqize ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kanye nezinye izinkinga, ngakho-ke amazwe akhiqizwayo avinjelwe futhi nenani lokushoda likhulu.
Njengamanje, umhlaba ongavamile usetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezisezingeni eliphezulu njengama-semiconductors, ama-smartphones, amabhethri emoto kagesi, ama-laser, namajethi okulwa, ngakho-ke aziwa ngokuthi “ivithamini yemboni yesimanje”.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-China inothile ngemithombo yomhlaba engavamile.Ngokusho kwe-USGS, i-China yenza u-60% wesamba sokukhiqizwa kwe-REE emhlabeni wonke ngo-2021, ilandelwa yi-US (15.4%), iMyanmar (9.3%) ne-Australia (7.9%).Ngalowo nyaka, i-US ingumthengi omkhulu emhlabeni wama-REE.
Izikhali zase-China ze-REE zaqala ukushesha ngoMeyi 2019, lapho impi yezohwebo yase-US-China ifinyelela umvuthwandaba wayo.Eminyakeni emibili edlule, yakha i-Iqembu laseChina Rare Earthngokuhlanganisa amabhizinisi amathathu kahulumeni kanye nezikhungo ezimbili zocwaningo zikahulumeni.Iqembu manje selingaphezu kuka-70% wokukhiqizwa komhlaba ongavamile waseShayina.I-China iye yasho kaningi ukuthi kungenzeka kube nokulawulwa kokuthekelisa komhlaba okungavamile, futhi izinyathelo zokulwa ne-US kanye ne-EU zihlala zinganele.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lezi zakhi ziyivelakancane kakhulu futhi ukukhiqizwa kwazo kungalimaza imvelo.
Eqinisweni, uhulumeni waseShayina ubeke imingcele yokuthunyelwa kwempahla eJapane ngesikhathi sengxabano yase-Diaoyu Islands ngo-2010. Naphezu kwemizamo yaseJapane yokuhlukanisa imithombo yayo yokuthumela ngaphandle, ukuncika kwayo ezintweni ezingavamile zomhlaba ezithengwa kwamanye amazwe kusengu-100%, okuthengisiwe okuvela e-China okungaphezu kuka-60. I-% yezinto zomhlaba ezingavamile zase-Japan.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuchwepheshe bokucwenga umhlaba obuyivelakancane iChina enabo nabo buhamba phambili emhlabeni.Phambilini, abezindaba bake baveza ukuthi “uyise wemihlaba eyivelakancane yaseChina” uXu Guangxian usenyuse ubuchwepheshe baseChina bokucwenga umhlaba obuyivelakancane bafika ezingeni lokuqala emhlabeni, futhi kuzothatha okungenani iminyaka eyi-8-15 ukuthi i-United States ihambisane nobuchwepheshe bethu. !
Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi iChinaimikhawulo yomhlaba engavamileakuzona izinsiza kuphela, kodwa futhi zihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe baseShayina bokuhlanza umhlaba obungavamile kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa umhlaba obungavamile obungafinyelela ku-99.999%.Lena indima ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, futhi inkinga yobuchwepheshe "yentamo" yase-United States namuhla.
Ngamafuphi, umhlaba ongavamile ungathathwa njengomthombo wamasu wezwe.Ngalesi sikhathi, i-China ihlose ukusebenzisa izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile ukulwa nokuhlasela, okungashiwo ukuthi kushaya ngokuqondile "amayintshi ayisikhombisa" ase-United States.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-24-2023