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Isakhiwo se-chip yangaphakathi

1.1 Izinga lesistimu

Wonke umakhalekhukhwini, isibonelo, iwuhlelo lwesekethe oluyinkimbinkimbi oludlala imidlalo, olushaya ucingo, olulalela umculo, njll. Isakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi sakhiwe ama-chips amaningana we-semiconductor kanye nama-resistors, inductors, nama-capacitor axhunyiwe, abizwa ngokuthi izinga lesistimu.(Yebo, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe bokwenza uhlelo lonke ku-chip eyodwa sebukhona iminyaka eminingi - ubuchwepheshe be-SoC)

1.2 Izinga lemojuli

Lonke uhlelo luhlukaniswe ngamamojula amaningi asebenzayo ngalinye linendima yalo.Abanye baphatha amandla, abanye banesibopho sokuxhumana, abanye okokubonisa, abanye umsindo, abanye ngekhompyutha iyonke, njalo njalo.Lokhu sikubiza ngezinga lemojuli.Ngayinye yalawa mamojula iyinsimu ebabazekayo, isithelo sobuhlakani obuningi bomuntu.

1.3 Bhalisa Izinga Lokudlulisa (RTL)

Imojula ngayinye iboniswa yimojula yesekethe yedijithali (enikezelwe ekwenzeni imisebenzi enengqondo kanye nokucubungula amasignali kagesi wonke angamaziro ahlukene kanye nalawo), ebamba ingxenye enkulu yesistimu iyonke.Yakhiwe ngamarejista namasekhethi anengqondo ahlanganisiwe.

Irejista iwuhlaka lwesekethe olukwazi ukugcina inani elinengqondo okwesikhashana, futhi lidinga isignali yewashi ukuze ilawule ubude besikhathi lapho kugcinwa khona inani le-logic.Ekusebenzeni, iwashi liyadingeka ukukala ubude besikhathi kanye nesekhethi idinga isignali yewashi ukuze ihlanganise ukuhlelwa.Isignali yewashi igagasi elingunxande elinenkathi ezinzile.Eqinisweni, umzuzwana owodwa uyisikali sesikhathi esiyisisekelo, futhi kumjikelezo, igagasi elingunxande liyazungeza umjikelezo owodwa, okuyisilinganiso sesikhathi somhlaba wabo.Izingxenye zesekethe zisebenza ngokufanele kulesi sikali sesikhathi futhi zifeze izibopho zazo.

I-Combinal logic iyinhlanganisela yamasango amaningi anengqondo "KANYE, NOMA, NOHAYI".

Imojula yokusebenza eyinkimbinkimbi yenziwe ngamarejista amaningi kanye nengqondo ehlangene.Leli zinga libizwa ngokuthi izinga lokudlulisa irejista.

1.4 Izinga lesango

Amarejista esiteji sokudlulisa irejista nawo akhiwe nge-logic noma ngaphandle kwe-logic, ehlukanisa phakathi, noma ngaphandle kwe-logic, ufika esigabeni sesango (afana nomnyango ovimba / ovumela ukungena nokuphuma kwamasignali kagesi, ngakho-ke igama).

1.5 Izinga le-Transistor

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isekethe yedijithali noma ye-analog, phansi kwe-hierarchy yizinga le-transistor.Wonke amasango anengqondo (futhi, noma, angekho, ananoma ngaphandle, ahlukile, ahlukile noma, afanayo noma, njll.) akhiwe ngama-transistors angawodwana.Ngakho-ke isifunda esihlanganisiwe sigcwele ama-transistors kanye nezintambo ezixhuma kubo, kusukela ku-macroscopic kuya ku-microscopic, kuze kufike ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu.

I-bipolar transistor (BJT) yayisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinsukwini zokuqala futhi yayivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-triode.Yayixhunywe ku-resistor, ukunikezwa kwamandla, kanye ne-capacitor, yona ngokwayo eyaba nomthelela wokukhulisa isignali.Njengebhulokhi yokwakha, ingasetshenziswa ukwakha izifunda ezihlukahlukene ezifana nokushintsha, amasekhethi omthombo wamandla kagesi/amanje, amasekhethi esango anengqondo okukhulunywe ngenhla, izihlungi, iziqhathanisi, izithasiselo, ngisho nezihlanganisi, ukusho ezimbalwa.Izifunda ezakhiwe kusukela kuma-BJT zibizwa ngokuthi amasekhethi e-TTL (Transistor-TransistorLogic).

Kodwa kwabe sekufika i-metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), eyashanela inkambu ye-IC ngezici zayo ezinhle kakhulu zikagesi nokusebenzisa amandla aphansi kakhulu.Ngaphandle kwamasekhethi e-analogue lapho ama-BJT esesekhona, wonke ama-IC manje asenziwe amashubhu e-MOS.Kungenzeka futhi ukwakha izinkulungwane zezifunda ezivela kuyo.Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe izingxenye zesekethe eziyisisekelo ezifana nama-resistors nama-capacitor ngokuwaxhuma ngendlela efanele.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ekukhiqizeni kwangempela kwezimboni, ukwenziwa kwe-chip kuyinqubo yokukhiqiza izinkulungwane zama-transistors.Kodwa empeleni, ukuhleleka kwezingqimba kuyahlehliswa, kusukela ku-transistor ephansi kakhulu futhi isebenze phezulu.

Ngamanye amazwi, ngokulandela ukulandelana "i-transistor - chip - ibhodi lesifunda", siphetha ngengxenye eyinhloko yomkhiqizo we-elekthronikhi - ibhodi lesifunda.