I-JXSQ Ama-IC chips amasha kanye nawoqobo REG BUCK ADJ 3.5A 8SOPWR TPS54340DDAR izingxenye zikagesi

Kungani ama-chips (noma ukukhiqizwa kwe-elekthronikhi) kusebenzisa ama-semiconductors kunamakhondakta?

Ama-semiconductors abe yingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila futhi ukusetshenziswa kwawo kutholakala yonke indawo.Ngaphandle kwama-semiconductors, ngeke kube khona umsakazo, awekho amakhompyutha, omakhalekhukhwini, awekho ama-TV, awekho imishini yokuwasha, awekho imidlalo yevidiyo, futhi ngokuqinisekile akukho ukuphrinta kwe-3D, ukushayela okuzenzakalelayo, umuthi ohlakaniphile, noma ama-photovoltaics.Ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwe-inthanethi Yezinto nakho kwenze ama-semiconductors aguquguquka kakhulu.

Naphezu kokuthembela kubuchwepheshe be-vacuum tube (amashubhu e-vacuum, awaziwa nangokuthi amashubhu e-electron, athathelwa indawo ama-semiconductors ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme, ukungahlali isikhathi eside, ubukhulu, nokusebenza kahle okuphansi, ngama-electrode nemicu ngaphakathi e-conductive), imishini eminingi kagesi yayikhona. kudaliwe.Uma sibheka emuva ezinsukwini zeshubhu yokuvala, amathelevishini, amagilamafoni, nemisakazo konke kwakuqukethe amasekhethi eshubhu le-vacuum ayedinga imizuzu embalwa yokufudumala isikhathi ngasinye lapho ekhanyisa futhi engazinzile ngokwedlulele.Eminyakeni engu-60 edlule, ubuchwepheshe be-semiconductor buvumele amadivayisi ukuthi asheshe, abe mancane, futhi azinze.

Ngakho-ke kungani usebenzise ama-semiconductors ukwenza le mishini kagesi, esikhundleni samakhondakta?

Ayini ama-semiconductors?I-semiconductor yinto eqhuba ugesi phakathi kwe-conductor (imvamisa eyinsimbi) kanye ne-insulator (ikakhulukazi i-ceramic).Ama-semiconductors angaba izakhi ezihlanzekile (i-silicon noma i-germanium) noma izinhlanganisela (i-gallium arsenide noma i-cadmium selenide).Enkambweni ye-doping, amanani amancane okungcola ayengezwa ku-semiconductor ehlanzekile, okuholela ekushintsheni okuphawulekayo ekuziphatheni kukagesi wezinto ezibonakalayo.

Imishini eminingi kagesi ikhiqizwa ngokusekelwe kuma-transistors, wona enza imisebenzi efana nokukhulisa, ama-oscillator, ne-arithmetic, konke okwenziwa ama-semiconductors.

Ngakho kungani ama-semiconductors hhayi ama-conductor?

Ngenxa yokuthi ama-semiconductors anezinhlobonhlobo ze-conductivities, abaqhubi banama-conductivities aphezulu kakhulu, okungadingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.Ngama-semiconductors kanye ne-doping efanelekile, i-conductivity ingashintshwa ngokuya ngezidingo.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akunakwenzeka ukwenza abaqhubi be-dope, imvelo engalawuleki eyenza kube nzima ukufeza lokho okudingekayo (cabanga ukuthi abaqhubi banenani elikhulu labathwali bezindleko kanye ne-doping inomphumela omncane).

Uma sicabanga ukuthi amaphuzu A no-B kumjikelezo axhunywe umqhubi, kuyoba khona i-voltage phakathi kwabo futhi yamanje izogeleza phakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili;ayikho indlela yokulawula ukugeleza kwamanje lapha.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma amaphuzu A no-B exhunywe yi-insulator, okwamanje ngeke ageleze futhi kuncane okungenziwa ukuze kuvunyelwe ukugeleza kwamanje (ngaphandle uma i-voltage inyuselwa ezingeni elingenakucatshangwa).

Kodwa-ke, uma i-transistor isetshenziswa phakathi kwamaphuzu A no-B, inikeza indlela enamandla yokulawula okwamanje.I-transistor ihlala phakathi kwamaphoyinti A no-B, yengeza iphuzu elisha C ukuze ukusebenzisa umehluko we-voltage phakathi kwamaphoyinti C no-B kuzobangela ukuthi yamanje iqale ukugeleza phakathi kuka-A no-B. Lokhu kungenziwa ngama-voltage aphansi kakhulu (ngaphansi kwama-volts angu-5 ) kanye nemisinga ephansi (ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi).Akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa ama-conductor noma ama-insulators kuphela.Ngoba ama-conductor azohlala eqhuba, ama-insulators awasoze aqhuba futhi ama-semiconductors kuphela afinyelela ukuvula nokuvala.

Ngaphandle kokucabangela abadlali abeqisayo (abanye bangathi khetha izinyane lengwe), abantu abaningi bangakhetha ikati.Kubadlali abeqisayo, ungakhetha ingwe enkulu?Isizathu esisobala yilesi: akulawuleki futhi kunonya.Ifana kakhulu ne-conductor kanye ne-semiconductor.

Ingwe = i-conductor (akukho ukulawula phezu kwe-conductivity)

Ikati = i-semiconductor (i-conductivity ingalawulwa nge-doping)

Umhlaba wesayensi uqinile futhi noma ibuphi ubuchwepheshe obungalawuleki ngeke buhlale.